https://estateanatomies.uk Estate Anatomies Wed, 26 Apr 2023 15:30:38 +0000 https://estateanatomies.uk en https://estateanatomies.uk/about Fri, 21 Apr 2023 10:49:28 +0000 Estate Anatomies https://estateanatomies.uk/about ESTATE ANATOMIESa survey of rhythms and layers Experimental mapping for multiple scales and temporalities Swiss Cottage // Camden // London &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Estate Anatomies is a collaboration between artist Natalia Orendain and the Open City team. Estate Anatomies asks how the built environment shapes how we dwell in the city by looking into three social housing estates in North Camden: Chalcots, Hilgrove and Alexandra Road. All three estates are connected by a dense network of railway tracks carrying people and freight to different parts of London and beyond, and all three have hidden material events - from design elements to buried rivers and telecommunications infrastructure - that bind them. The Open City project looks at the social and political life of London to test whether the utopian ideal of the Open City exists in real life. It explores issues of race, migration, mobility and living with diversity by considering how the city accommodates new forms of urban life through the social configuration of its spaces and places. The project is a collaboration between four universities: University of Warwick, University of West London, the Open University and the University of Oxford. Natalia Orendain is a Mexican visual artist, scenographer and researcher. Her artistic research focuses on the subjects of space perception and production, and the performativity within the everyday; making use of immersive, installative and participatory formats to explore the audience’s experience. Estate Anatomies uses an experimental methodology to access the network of relationships between material and immaterial layers present in the site, acknowledging the temporal scale present in all physical manifestations. This methodology acknowledges the rippling of historical events through their material evidence, and traces frictions between lived space and urban infrastructure. By identifying economic or political decisions and their manifestations in design or material form, we can follow how these then intersect with social or vernacular life. Through the data collected by the Open City project, and navigating archival research we offer a visualisation of the interactions of these multiple layers and scales. We call these interactions material events, and see them as an entry point into the complexity of the social and material dynamics at play in the site. Material events are physical elements within the urban environment that are generated by the clash of histories, aesthetic decisions, location and the simultaneous presence of material layers.&nbsp; Estate Anatomies explores how the three estates’ histories of landownership have shaped their architectures, built forms and infrastructures. Just as the orientation of windows and placement of heating pipes have the ability to influence how we live together, so do the less visible material realities of railway vents and waterwells.In June 2023, we sat down with Natalia for an interview on how she approaches her work. Read the interview here. With special thanks to: Nina Davies, Daniel Dowek, Alan Milliken, Nicolas Pappaterra, Pedro Magalhaes, David Ali, Jo Fisher, Robert Stoney, Robert Monks, Jimmy Hobley, Camille Aboudaram, Lou Moria, Daria Moria and Christophe Van den Eynde. The Open City team would also like to thank all the residents of Hilgrove, Chalcots and Alexandra Road Estates with particular thanks to the Hilgrove and Chalcots Community Organisers, and the Hilgrove TRA. The Open City team are grateful for the support of The Winch, North Camden Zone, Hampstead Theatre and Camden Council. The Open City Project is a three year project funded by the Economic and Social Research Council under grant reference: ES/T009454/1. Archival images have been reproduced by permission of the Provost and Fellows of Eton College; with the kind permission of Camden Local Studies, Westminster Archives, the National Archives, the London Metropolitan Archives and de Soissons and Partners. For a full list of sources and references, click here. Concept and artwork: Natalia Orendain Digital platform: Lou Moria Text: Eda Yazici, Susannah Cramer-Greenbaum, Natalia Orendain Assistance: Christopher Van den Eynde and Daria Moria&nbsp; Project funded by the Open City Project https://estateanatomies.uk/map Fri, 21 Apr 2023 12:03:40 +0000 Estate Anatomies https://estateanatomies.uk/map ESTATE ANATOMIESa survey of rhythms and layers Experimental mapping for multiple scales and temporalities Swiss Cottage // Camden // London &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Estate Anatomies invites you to walk (or click) through North Camden to explore the inner layers of how we live together. You can follow this map to walk the site along the routes of buried rivers, railway tracks and obscured histories yourself or use this platform to uncover how extraction and enslavement can shape the homes we live in. We hope you enjoy going underground, looking up and looking back with us <img width="119" height="121" width_o="119" height_o="121" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/70830f95d4e538ebb6b19cd9edea4f44e48bb268cb95b24140af1df99e57519d/binroom.png" data-mid="176149188" border="0" alt="Bin rooms" data-caption="Bin rooms" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/119/i/70830f95d4e538ebb6b19cd9edea4f44e48bb268cb95b24140af1df99e57519d/binroom.png" /> <img width="113" height="61" width_o="113" height_o="61" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ffef4166169b10c72a2978fafa8522789a92255dbda699914d63e582753e29a6/heating-box.png" data-mid="176149213" border="0" alt="Heating system" data-caption="Heating system" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/113/i/ffef4166169b10c72a2978fafa8522789a92255dbda699914d63e582753e29a6/heating-box.png" /> <img width="2354" height="1522" width_o="2354" height_o="1522" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c5b9befd693df31e739b5730de0a088029e122ed2ca1c4ac407238648aeab49a/crack-h-2.png" data-mid="176149486" border="0" alt="Cracks on the vent" data-caption="Cracks on the vent" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/c5b9befd693df31e739b5730de0a088029e122ed2ca1c4ac407238648aeab49a/crack-h-2.png" /> <img width="315" height="374" width_o="315" height_o="374" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a1b2a034e3bc3bfc7b54189d82fac480827b8bf040917d2ac18e193c61867cdf/balcony-blue.png" data-mid="176149045" border="0" data-no-zoom="true" alt="Balconies " data-caption="Balconies " src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/315/i/a1b2a034e3bc3bfc7b54189d82fac480827b8bf040917d2ac18e193c61867cdf/balcony-blue.png" /> <img width="275" height="298" width_o="275" height_o="298" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/abc5ead7751c6bc16b65ebfa3a66109047565c1f1bf56f28bdcb17ecb4ff9707/benchmark-blue.png" data-mid="176149039" border="0" data-no-zoom="true" alt="Benchmark" data-caption="Benchmark" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/275/i/abc5ead7751c6bc16b65ebfa3a66109047565c1f1bf56f28bdcb17ecb4ff9707/benchmark-blue.png" /> <img width="92" height="201" width_o="92" height_o="201" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/727f0b5c97e9241b7285a8c026663ef49b10f15562621384fb2243281b6cb7ce/water-well-symbol.png" data-mid="176152424" border="0" alt="Water well" data-caption="Water well" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/92/i/727f0b5c97e9241b7285a8c026663ef49b10f15562621384fb2243281b6cb7ce/water-well-symbol.png" /> <img width="738" height="1082" width_o="738" height_o="1082" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/cbdb9c6ff82e5c89e694dc0635e5d727fe879d1f12b470ca5180d623ba402286/piles.png" data-mid="176149333" border="0" alt="Foundation piles" data-caption="Foundation piles" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/738/i/cbdb9c6ff82e5c89e694dc0635e5d727fe879d1f12b470ca5180d623ba402286/piles.png" /> <img width="165" height="168" width_o="165" height_o="168" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0085b1b5e0dd0c484b69650e501535cc7745e1616f26c5aefa310305bdf50f7e/window-chalcots.png" data-mid="176149258" border="0" alt="Windows " data-caption="Windows " src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/165/i/0085b1b5e0dd0c484b69650e501535cc7745e1616f26c5aefa310305bdf50f7e/window-chalcots.png" /> <img width="795" height="1291" width_o="795" height_o="1291" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a3419ea520a71e435ba2b36329da12533635bcdcb3d95e07c4daab158f0e2186/crack-t.png" data-mid="176149041" border="0" data-no-zoom="true" alt="Tunnel portal" data-caption="Tunnel portal" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/795/i/a3419ea520a71e435ba2b36329da12533635bcdcb3d95e07c4daab158f0e2186/crack-t.png" /> We begin with a brief introduction to London’s social housing history to guide you on this journey. Social Housing Context Safe, secure and affordable housing is a right. However, in London and elsewhere, access to housing is becoming ever more challenging. Deregulation and privatisation have led to increased precarity for many. Those on waiting lists for social housing can wait decades to be housed; private tenants are often faced with short term tenancies in houses of multiple occupation (HMOs); buying a home is impossible for many; and right to rent checks mean that access to housing is highly racialised. Alongside this, we know that far too many people are living in dangerous or uninhabitable homes with overcrowding, mould, or even flammable cladding. London has a rich history of providing housing. Camden in particular is famous for its social housing history, heritage and architecture. Some of Camden’s estates are world renowned. Others, however, remain unsung. On the estates we have worked on, we have heard of challenges, fierce complaints and celebrations whether the buildings are adored by the architectural community or not. To guide you through this platform, we provide you with a very brief history of social housing in London. The first municipal social housing in London was built by the then brand new London County Council just a few miles to the east of Camden in Tower Hamlets in 1889. The London County Council built housing all across London until it was replaced by the Greater London Council in 1965. The Greater London Council also continued to build social housing outside of London and manage existing properties within London until its abolition under Thatcher in 1986. Individual London Boroughs also built social housing for their residents. Camden Council was created in 1965 when three former boroughs: Hampstead, St Pancras and Holborn were merged. The chief architect for Camden between 1965-1973, Sydney Cook, is famous for building distinctive modernist estates across the borough. Less well known, however, are the histories of Camden’s LCC estates and how private interests have shaped social housing in the borough. The three estates we explore here reflect these histories. Hilgrove was built by the LCC, Chalcots was a concession to Hampstead Borough Council, and Alexandra Road Estate was built by Camden Council under Cook. In London, it was possible to apply for social housing either through a borough or the GLC until 1986. There were also a number of registered social landlords such as housing associations that people could be referred to or apply to directly. Social housing policy changed drastically with the introduction of Right to Buy in 1980. Right to Buy radically reduced the amount of social housing stock. Successive acts reduced the capacity for councils to build new social housing. Today, it is possible to apply for social housing through a registered social landlord such as a housing association or through a borough (local council). The coalition government of 2010-2015 introduced shorter term council tenancies - meaning that not everyone is automatically guaranteed a secure tenancy. As a result of Right to Buy, social housing waiting lists are very long and many formerly publicly owned properties are now in the private rented sector, often rented out as Houses of Multiple Occupation. The three estates we explore here have very different tenant compositions: council owned, owner occupied, privately rented. These are closely linked to the desirability of certain types of building and whether mortgage providers will lend against certain types of construction. The concrete construction at Alexandra Road Estate means that it is only possible to buy a property there in cash. The more traditional construction on Hilgrove means that many more properties are now in private ownership. On Chalcots, the unresolved cladding issue means that it is almost impossible for private owners to remortgage or sell their properties. In 2013, the coalition government introduced the bedroom tax which reduces welfare benefits paid to social housing tenants deemed to be living in too large a home. The majority of properties on Hilgrove, Chalcots and Alexandra have two bedrooms which means single tenants and couples in these properties are more likely to have their benefits cut. There are fewer one bed and bedsit properties. As you click or walk through the estates, it is worth thinking about how different forms of local governance and social policy have shaped the way the three estates look, feel, and shape lives. <img width="1600" height="856" width_o="1600" height_o="856" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b7c5fbfc6f1e1d4b2e46487608658a46db75655d4e1bb9b3810f353424740b97/4.jpeg" data-mid="183032238" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/b7c5fbfc6f1e1d4b2e46487608658a46db75655d4e1bb9b3810f353424740b97/4.jpeg" /> <img width="3009" height="5029" width_o="3009" height_o="5029" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/47cb25c06294550853ef1831b6b4cb6acb772e8fe103a5d8a959e6a8f13e41e0/5.jpg" data-mid="183032239" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/47cb25c06294550853ef1831b6b4cb6acb772e8fe103a5d8a959e6a8f13e41e0/5.jpg" /> <img width="5019" height="3346" width_o="5019" height_o="3346" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e62ef3f4676e4a5bb484ade9bbf881e666b3a39e845e788772e44f7a221f7cc2/6.jpg" data-mid="183032240" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/e62ef3f4676e4a5bb484ade9bbf881e666b3a39e845e788772e44f7a221f7cc2/6.jpg" /> <img width="4954" height="3303" width_o="4954" height_o="3303" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/edc847ed709da9e6bd4616d50808512161f4376ece71656ecf87ff2edf415331/7.jpg" data-mid="183032241" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/edc847ed709da9e6bd4616d50808512161f4376ece71656ecf87ff2edf415331/7.jpg" /> <img width="4973" height="3316" width_o="4973" height_o="3316" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/39b6721968799fb2271ec9ba55e04ceb2981c9148337c94dece1c86824c19ff4/1.jpg" data-mid="183032234" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/39b6721968799fb2271ec9ba55e04ceb2981c9148337c94dece1c86824c19ff4/1.jpg" /> <img width="4964" height="3309" width_o="4964" height_o="3309" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8fb9fdacebedb3be62daadc3109978d627edb1c66455fb0abc7c92de48f360ca/9.jpg" data-mid="183032242" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/8fb9fdacebedb3be62daadc3109978d627edb1c66455fb0abc7c92de48f360ca/9.jpg" /> <img width="5184" height="3456" width_o="5184" height_o="3456" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5fc93164cbce908ee89711007efb364ac7c536822822b6701724148e48d4d58e/10.jpg" data-mid="183032243" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/5fc93164cbce908ee89711007efb364ac7c536822822b6701724148e48d4d58e/10.jpg" /> <img width="4878" height="3233" width_o="4878" height_o="3233" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/9883b1f9f98afe0bf401515723f00dcc7f816d72273930352cdb4c6e943739c4/3.jpg" data-mid="183032237" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/9883b1f9f98afe0bf401515723f00dcc7f816d72273930352cdb4c6e943739c4/3.jpg" /> <img width="5072" height="3381" width_o="5072" height_o="3381" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/40af08f8f84b033c3aef3421de29b229b2a6ed391f9e4a67a3ca12bec2d048ae/2.jpg" data-mid="183032235" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/40af08f8f84b033c3aef3421de29b229b2a6ed391f9e4a67a3ca12bec2d048ae/2.jpg" /> <img width="5034" height="3356" width_o="5034" height_o="3356" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/487ac521f24e610cad520b9fd873dfd0afb029684bf92715c89178b46875c732/11.jpg" data-mid="183032244" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/487ac521f24e610cad520b9fd873dfd0afb029684bf92715c89178b46875c732/11.jpg" /> <img width="1600" height="1066" width_o="1600" height_o="1066" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/9579cd6a1da6d31bc047b187999958c541a011111a957d46f3e2374804d87d23/13.jpeg" data-mid="183032245" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/9579cd6a1da6d31bc047b187999958c541a011111a957d46f3e2374804d87d23/13.jpeg" /> .gallery_image_caption { font-size: 0.5 rem; font-weight: 300; color: rgb(0, 136, 255); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif, "Sans Serif", Icons; } https://estateanatomies.uk/sources-and-references Fri, 21 Apr 2023 11:18:15 +0000 Estate Anatomies https://estateanatomies.uk/sources-and-references ESTATE ANATOMIESa survey of rhythms and layers Experimental mapping for multiple scales and temporalities Swiss Cottage // Camden // London &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Sources Baker, T.F.T., Bolton, D.K., &amp; Croot, P.E.C. 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Reforming the welfare state: Camden 1965-73. Footprint, 9, 41-48. &nbsp; Swenarton, M. (2014). Politics versus architecture: the Alexandra Road public enquiry of 1978–1981. Planning perspectives, 29(4), 423-446. https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2013.864956&nbsp; Swenarton, M. (2018). Cook’s Camden: the making of modern housing. London: Lund Humphries. &nbsp; West, R.L. (2021). ‘I am convinced I shall achieve something valuable if I can brighten the lives of the people here’: bombsites, housing and art in Lambeth. The London Journal, 46(1), 6-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03058034.2019.1706952&nbsp; na. (2008). Metropolitan line: Marlborough Road. Retrieved 17th April 2023 from http://www.abandonedstations.org.uk/Marlborough_Road_station.html Slack, D. (2017). Tube history: S7/S8 stock. Retrieved 18th April 2023 from http://tube-history.uk/rolling-stock/s7-8.php Pragnell, H.J. (2016). Early British railway tunnels University of York.&nbsp; Ordnance Survey. (2023). OS benchmark archive. Retrieved 17th April 2023 from https://interactivemaps.uk/os-benchmark-archive/#16.07/51.542304/-0.174901 OpenStreetMap. (2022). London underground vent shaft. Retrieved 17th April 2021 from https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2223191#map=14/51.5302/-0.1688&amp;layers=TD Camden Council. (2020). Planning applications. Retrieved 17th April 2023 from http://camdocs.camden.gov.uk/HPRMWebDrawer/PlanRec?q=recContainer:%222020/1374/P%22 Ordnance Survey. (2021). Benchmark locator. Retrieved 17th April 2023 from https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/benchmarks/ British Geological Survey. (nd). GeoIndex onshore: boreholes. Retrieved 17th April 2023 from https://mapapps2.bgs.ac.uk/geoindex/home.html?layer=BGSBoreholes&amp;_ga=2.117323202.515671449.1680797224-506408846.1680797224 Archives consulted Camden Council, Local Studies and Archive Centre, https://www.camden.gov.uk/local-studies-archives-centre. &nbsp; City of London Corporation, London Metropolitan Archives, https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/history-and-heritage/london-metropolitan-archives.&nbsp; City of London Corporation, London Picture Archive, https://www.londonpicturearchive.org.uk/.&nbsp; Eton College, Eton College Collections, Archival Collections, https://collections.etoncollege.com/collections/archives/.&nbsp; National Archives, https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/.&nbsp; Parliamentary Archives, https://archives.parliament.uk/.&nbsp; Royal Institute of British Architects, The RIBA Collections, https://www.architecture.com/about/riba-library-and-collections.&nbsp; UCL, Centre for the Legacies of British Slavery, https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/search/.&nbsp; Westminster Council, Westminster Archives, https://www.westminster.gov.uk/leisure-libraries-and-community/westminster-archives. &nbsp; Please contact opencity@warwick.ac.uk if you’d like more information about catalogue references and specific documents consulted. Image sources 1. Ordnance Survey. 1957 [annotations 2021, Rcsprinter123]. Primrose Hill tunnels diagram.   2. 1833. Proposed London to Birmingham Railway Section. Drawing held at the Parliamentary Archives.   3. Wood, M.A. 1865. Plan of proposed railways. Plan held at Camden Local Studies and Archives Centre.  4. London and Birmingham Railway plan. 1833. Railway lines and parcels map. Map held at the Parliamentary Archives.   5. 1857-1877. Cross section of Primrose Hill tunnel. Drawing held at the National Archives.&nbsp;   6. LCC. 1945. Bomb damage. Maps held by the London Metropolitan Archives, Georeferencing by the National Library of Scotland.   7. Barton, N. 2018. The lost rivers of London   8. BGS. 1978. Borehole, Dobson Close.   9. BGS. 1962. Borehole, Chalcots.   10. BGS. 2004. Water well.   11. Open City. 2022. Mapping workshops.   12. L&amp;BR Railway. 1857-77. Primrose Hill tunnel vent shaft. Drawing held at the National Archives.  13. Orendain, N. 2023. Jubilee Line vent shaft photo.   14. Orendain, N. 2023. Benchmark photo.   15. Camden Council. 2020. Photomontages, planning application. Waldon Telecom.  16. Camden Council. 2020. Existing and proposed plans, planning application. Waldon Telecom.  17. JH Nixon after J Cleghorn 1837. Entrance to Primrose Hill tunnel. Held at Camden Local Studies and Archives Centre. 18. Orendain, N. 2023. Primrose Hill tunnel portal east photo.   19. L&amp;NW Railway. 1857-77. Retaining wall at south end of Primrose Hill tunnel plan showing extent of damage by slip. Plan held at the National Archives.   20. 1981. Central Piers showing old fractures. Photo held at the National Archives.  21. 1981 View of East end of tunnel. Photo held at the National Archives.  22. 1981. Commuter information: tunnel and track work mean delays. Newspaper clipping held at the National Archives.  23. Orendain, N. 2023. Chalcots window photo.   24. Open City. 2022. View from 22nd floor photo.   25. Arup. 2020. Existing window system. Technical drawing. Camden Council.  26. Arup. 2020. New window system. Technical drawing. Camden Council.  27. Orendain, N. 2023. Chalcots window system photo.   28. Orendain, N. 2023. Chalcots window system photo.  29. Open City. 2022. High winds warning photo.  30. Chalcots Estate. Late 19th Century. Map of Chalcots Estate. Map held in the Eton College Collections.  31. Eton College Chalcot Estate. Pre-construction noted map. Drawing held in the Eton College Collections.     32. McKinsey Foundations. 1966. Foundation piles for Chalcots Towers. Photo held at Camden Local Studies and Archives Centre.   33. McKinsey Foundations. 1966. Foundation piles for Chalcots Towers. Photo held at Camden Local Studies and Archives Centre.  34. McKinsey Foundations. 1967. Foundation piles and rebar for Chalcots Towers. Photo held at Camden Local Studies and Archives Centre.   35. Lennon, D. 1967. Section drawing for Chalcots Towers A, B, C, &amp; D. Drawing held in the Eton College Collections.     36. Arup. 2020. Ground floor plan. Technical drawing. Camden Council.  37. Eyre Estate. 1830s. North Elevation, Alpha Cottages. Drawing held at Westminster Archives.   38. LCC. 1952. Compulsory Purchase Order map. Map held at Westminster Archives.   39. Open City. 2021. Tayler Court Balcony Photo.   40. de Soissons and co. 1952. Langhorne West Elevation. Drawing held at the London Metropolitan Archives.   41. Eyre Estate. 1880s. Valuable freehold land poster. Poster held at Camden Local Studies and Archives Centre.  42. Orendain, N. 2023. Chiltern vent shaft crack photo 1.   43. Orendain, N. 2023. Chiltern vent shaft crack photo 2.   44. Orendain, N. 2023. Garage crack photo.  45. Na. 1961. Hilgrove railway subsidence crack. Photo held by the London Picture Archive, LMA.   46. Na. 1961. Hilgrove railway subsidence crack and props. Photo held by the London Picture Archive, LMA.   47. Open City. 2022. Hilgrove fences map.   48. Na. 1977. Hilgrove children’s petition cover letter. Petition held at the London Metropolitan Archives.   49. Na. 1977. Hilgrove children’s petition signature page. Petition held at the London Metropolitan Archives.  50. Orendain, N. 2023. Alexandra Road boiler room chimneys photo.   51. Open City. 2021. Alexandra Road photo.   52. NIFES Consulting Group. 2003. Alexandra Road Estate Heating Replacement. Camden Council.   53. Neave Brown, Axonometric drawing of typical two-bedroom duplex apartment. Drawing held at Camden Local Studies and Archives Centre. 54. Alexandra and Ainsworth TRA. 2022. Heating subgroup report.   55. Open City. 2021. Rowley Way photo.   56. Open City. 2021. Garages photo.   57. Elliott, H. 1977. Down Lego Lane. Newspaper clipping held at Camden Local Studies and Archives Centre.  58. Salazar, D. 2023. Alexandra Road wall to railway photo. 59. Open City. 2021. Alexandra Road service road photo.   60. Open City. 2021. Bin room photo.  61. Open City. 2021. Bin room photo.   https://estateanatomies.uk/home Tue, 18 Apr 2023 09:24:29 +0000 Estate Anatomies https://estateanatomies.uk/home <img width="5760" height="2500" width_o="5760" height_o="2500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/27f87078a7ca84a156eded32172544d31650226061d5746b039362697ebe620e/railway-button.png" data-mid="175745560" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/27f87078a7ca84a156eded32172544d31650226061d5746b039362697ebe620e/railway-button.png" /> <img width="5760" height="2090" width_o="5760" height_o="2090" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/92e2a8c35a7e073373db51cdcfb9831242f76143f3171847129bd3fea54a489b/underground--button-clean.png" data-mid="175783522" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/92e2a8c35a7e073373db51cdcfb9831242f76143f3171847129bd3fea54a489b/underground--button-clean.png" /> <img width="3500" height="2237" width_o="3500" height_o="2237" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/cbd65c7276629349dc8d4e89256eedd781914400545f8f017d55b3826f71fa98/Alexandra-white-lines.png" data-mid="175745493" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/cbd65c7276629349dc8d4e89256eedd781914400545f8f017d55b3826f71fa98/Alexandra-white-lines.png" /> <img width="3026" height="3505" width_o="3026" height_o="3505" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4b6fc995567a2b639cf100de7deecf332679b6a5f97b823a03ba3aab8de84db2/Chalcots-small.png" data-mid="176621424" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/4b6fc995567a2b639cf100de7deecf332679b6a5f97b823a03ba3aab8de84db2/Chalcots-small.png" /> <img width="1220" height="1398" width_o="1220" height_o="1398" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/41a873560a065e02acfc04b2cbd2770127ae95194d923565000c9e8b39a22a39/tunnel-crack.png" data-mid="176621426" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/41a873560a065e02acfc04b2cbd2770127ae95194d923565000c9e8b39a22a39/tunnel-crack.png" /> <img width="2537" height="1942" width_o="2537" height_o="1942" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c64defa4fffb01d00942e9a03a93a6e9caf741a6229f5a700b378d6b0148a404/vent-benchmark.png" data-mid="176621427" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/c64defa4fffb01d00942e9a03a93a6e9caf741a6229f5a700b378d6b0148a404/vent-benchmark.png" /> <img width="250" height="297" width_o="250" height_o="297" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/3fc139f977c003d6046885e98621b5f424e6bf1af7fa76915f7544a06e178fda/antena-lines.png" data-mid="176625164" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/250/i/3fc139f977c003d6046885e98621b5f424e6bf1af7fa76915f7544a06e178fda/antena-lines.png" /> <img width="2647" height="2313" width_o="2647" height_o="2313" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/01d3fdf3eb73abddc6df5ebc27d922e244004309d1714e2e1e3360b6f659b398/Hilgrove-small.png" data-mid="176621425" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/01d3fdf3eb73abddc6df5ebc27d922e244004309d1714e2e1e3360b6f659b398/Hilgrove-small.png" /> <img width="300" height="300" width_o="300" height_o="300" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8e53722862264ea4dbd9927f386565875cae37f2a90cdee9022cfa1a07fa8427/waterwell-square.png" data-mid="176655768" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/300/i/8e53722862264ea4dbd9927f386565875cae37f2a90cdee9022cfa1a07fa8427/waterwell-square.png" /> https://estateanatomies.uk/hilgrove Tue, 18 Apr 2023 15:30:22 +0000 Estate Anatomies https://estateanatomies.uk/hilgrove <img width="3500" height="2718" width_o="3500" height_o="2718" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/3a3071e4d9293f0ff0c9bdce373477b6c57b64e4937cff88b4b91df689c0872d/Hilgrove-light.png" data-mid="175788434" border="0" data-no-zoom="true" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/3a3071e4d9293f0ff0c9bdce373477b6c57b64e4937cff88b4b91df689c0872d/Hilgrove-light.png" /> <img width="2354" height="1522" width_o="2354" height_o="1522" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/309d92081c03a54ef5c49ab64ade01f60e94079183a421c289100c4bc9cb9ad7/crack-h-2.png" data-mid="175789747" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/309d92081c03a54ef5c49ab64ade01f60e94079183a421c289100c4bc9cb9ad7/crack-h-2.png" /> <img width="300" height="300" width_o="300" height_o="300" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d66a9890f97bbe79c6e9b79fe5b2a4b8ab90b8eca41efd72413d10feb97308c8/balcony-large-button.png" data-mid="176797726" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/300/i/d66a9890f97bbe79c6e9b79fe5b2a4b8ab90b8eca41efd72413d10feb97308c8/balcony-large-button.png" /> Hilgrove Estate&nbsp;︎︎︎ Hilgrove is built on the Eyre Estate. The lands of the Eyre Estate stretched from Lord’s Cricket Ground to just north of the tracks of what today is the West Coast Mainline with Finchley Road as the eastern border and Maida Vale as the western border. It was bought by the Eyre family in 1733. The family’s wealth was in part derived from the enslavement of people in Antigua. The Eyre family began developing homes on the estate in the 1820s. The housing the family had built is seen as the first Garden Suburb and a precursor to the Garden City. The area was a target for bombing in the Second World War because of the mainline railways. At the end of the Second World War, the London County Council (LCC) asked to build social housing where Hilgrove is today. The Eyre Estate said no because they wanted to preserve the middle class character of the area. After extensive negotiations, the Eyre Estate agreed to social housing being built in the area but only if the Eyre Estate got to choose the architect and only if housing for wealthier people was also built. The Eyre Estate chose Louis de Soissons and partners as the architects. de Soissons was famous for being the master planner for Welwyn Garden City. This is the reason why Hilgrove has so many green spaces. Plans for Hilgrove were accepted in 1954. Hilgrove, to the west of Finchley Road, was built for poorer tenants and Boydell Court was built for wealthier tenants. The flats on Boydell Court were privatised almost as soon as building works were completed. They are 40% larger than flats on Hilgrove. Hilgrove todayHilgrove’s garden city heritage means that there are many greenspaces on the estate. All ground floor flats and maisonettes on the estate also have their own gardens. However, there are lots of different gates and fences throughout the estate which raises the question of the boundaries between private and public space as well as how space is shared and feelings of ownership negotiated. In 2015, local residents effectively resisted plans to apply external rendered insulation to buildings on the estate. Hilgrove at a glance Year completed1959 Architect Louis de Soissons and partners Commissioned by London County Council (LCC) Managed byLCC 1959-1965; Greater London Council (GLC) 1965-1986; Camden Council 1986-present Historic landowners Eyre Estate Materials London stock brick Density89 properties per hectare Hilgrove composition at a glanceCouncil owned properties 197Leasehold properties 173Freehold properties 8Total 370 Hilgrove bedroomsBedrooms&nbsp; &nbsp; 0&nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; 3&nbsp; &nbsp; 4&nbsp; &nbsp; 5&nbsp; &nbsp; TotalHilgrove &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;23&nbsp; &nbsp;59&nbsp; 184&nbsp; &nbsp;76&nbsp; &nbsp; 21&nbsp; &nbsp; 8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;370 https://estateanatomies.uk/chalcots Wed, 26 Apr 2023 14:49:20 +0000 Estate Anatomies https://estateanatomies.uk/chalcots <img width="3508" height="3815" width_o="3508" height_o="3815" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4bbcb9b0d523370228c3578b4f6d2db80c9c376c2f2df1233680bb966890f7f0/Chalcots-dark.png" data-mid="176780493" border="0" data-no-zoom="true" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/4bbcb9b0d523370228c3578b4f6d2db80c9c376c2f2df1233680bb966890f7f0/Chalcots-dark.png" /> <img width="738" height="1082" width_o="738" height_o="1082" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/855716d6a5af4378a9cc42fd81d240afd259155aad9e2c3751a7f1ffac4cb2b1/piles.png" data-mid="176780503" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/738/i/855716d6a5af4378a9cc42fd81d240afd259155aad9e2c3751a7f1ffac4cb2b1/piles.png" /> <img width="300" height="300" width_o="300" height_o="300" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1d4503f898628105277d53d6b96344c538e7c9819ff4a1fbaf863c65af0b863c/large-window-button.png" data-mid="176797766" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/300/i/1d4503f898628105277d53d6b96344c538e7c9819ff4a1fbaf863c65af0b863c/large-window-button.png" /> Chalcots Estate ︎︎︎ The land that Chalcots Estate is built on is part of Eton College’s Chalcots Estate. The Chalcots Estate was gifted to Eton College by King Henry the VI in 1449. The prestigious private school has owned and leased property on the estate ever since. The Chalcots Estate stretches from Finchley Road to the east to Chalk Farm to the west with borders at Regent’s Park and Belsize Lane. The College started speculatively building homes for lease on the Chalcots Estate in the 1840s. These were built for the middle classes. Eton College insisted that the Primrose Hill tunnel be built to avoid loss of buildable land for housing. The area was a target for bombing in the Second World War because of the mainline railways. After the Second World War, Eton College was worried about the area losing its middle class character. Following a lengthy court battle about how much Eton could legally charge in lease fees as a college, Eton decided to redevelop the area to make as much profit as possible from this desirable piece of land. In 1963 Eton College received four tenders to redevelop the land. They decided to choose London Merchant Securities with Dennis Lennon and partners as architects. Lennon was inspired by Le Corbusier’s Plan Voisin and designed low-rise houses for sale on long leases and four tower blocks of flats for sale on long leases. The redevelopment led to large scale evictions of existing tenants in the pre-existing subdivided Victorian villas. As a result, Hampstead Borough Council entered into negotiations with Eton to include some social housing. Lennon and co. consequently increased the number of flats on the four towers from 5 per floor to 7 per floor and the four towers became social housing. The four towers of Chalcots are named after villages close to Eton College. Chalcots Estate todayThe flammable cladding at Chalcots Estate was installed in 2006. It took 3.5 years to install and caused significant disruption to residents. The only company to tender for the recladding was the Partners for Improvement Consortium who reduced the price from £119 million to £66 million by using combustible cladding. The cladding was installed under a Private Finance Initiative. A week after the Grenfell Fire, the cladding at Chalcots was found to be the same type of combustible cladding used at Grenfell. Every resident was evacuated while the cladding was removed. Camden Council used its cash reserves to pay for the cost of evacuating all residents. In 2019, Partners for Improvement went into liquidation making reimbursement for the new cladding very difficult. The recladding was supposed to be completed in 2021. Today, in 2023, the works to reclad the blocks and install new windows have finally begun, with residents being moved into temporary accommodation once again. Chalcots at a glance Year completed1969 Architect Dennis Lennon and partners Commissioned by Eton College, then leased to Camden Council Managed byHampstead Borough Council (planning phase) 1963-1965; then Camden Council to present Historic landowners Eton College Materials Concrete Density531 properties per hectare Chalcots composition at a glanceCouncil owned properties 522Leasehold properties 116Freehold properties 0Total 638 Chalcots bedroomsBedrooms&nbsp; &nbsp; 0&nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; 3&nbsp; &nbsp; 4&nbsp; &nbsp; 5&nbsp; &nbsp; TotalChalcots &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;91&nbsp; &nbsp;103&nbsp; 273&nbsp; &nbsp;180&nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; 0&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;638 https://estateanatomies.uk/alexandra-road Wed, 26 Apr 2023 15:30:38 +0000 Estate Anatomies https://estateanatomies.uk/alexandra-road <img width="3500" height="2237" width_o="3500" height_o="2237" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5dff818657dae903acf182219afbbde3e597ce1f23b1975ea829b2719c369573/Alexandra-white-lines.png" data-mid="176783382" border="0" data-no-zoom="true" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/5dff818657dae903acf182219afbbde3e597ce1f23b1975ea829b2719c369573/Alexandra-white-lines.png" /> <img width="113" height="61" width_o="113" height_o="61" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" data-mid="176782451" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/113/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" /> <img width="113" height="61" width_o="113" height_o="61" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" data-mid="176782451" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/113/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" /> <img width="113" height="61" width_o="113" height_o="61" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" data-mid="176782451" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/113/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" /> <img width="113" height="61" width_o="113" height_o="61" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" data-mid="176782451" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/113/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" /> <img width="113" height="61" width_o="113" height_o="61" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" data-mid="176782451" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/113/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" /> <img width="113" height="61" width_o="113" height_o="61" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" data-mid="176782451" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/113/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" /> <img width="113" height="61" width_o="113" height_o="61" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" data-mid="176782451" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/113/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" /> <img width="113" height="61" width_o="113" height_o="61" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" data-mid="176782451" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/113/i/7bd329fea85d0331134d7fc4a9bf1d362dd1304d17c5d3c0c63dc2067dc18525/heating-box.png" /> <img width="300" height="300" width_o="300" height_o="300" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/3f9b63f8af21f20760bee6c9630ed1e3b230e2ff2f68fea1848b05bca50dada0/large-binroom-button.png" data-mid="176797546" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/300/i/3f9b63f8af21f20760bee6c9630ed1e3b230e2ff2f68fea1848b05bca50dada0/large-binroom-button.png" /> Alexandra Road Estate ︎︎︎ Alexandra Road was built on land previously owned by the Eyre Estate. The lands of the Eyre Estate stretched from Lord’s Cricket Ground to just north of the tracks of what today is the West Coast Mainline with Finchley Road as the eastern border and Maida Vale as the western border. It was bought by the Eyre family in 1733. The family’s wealth was in part derived from the enslavement of people in Antigua. The Eyre Estate wanted to redevelop the land themselves but Camden Council bought it from them by compulsory purchase order in 1967. The existing subdivided Victorian villas had suffered bomb damage with large spaces marked out as clearance areas during the Second World War. The area was a target for bombing in the Second World War because of the mainline railways. The land for the Alexandra Road estate is long and narrow with the West Coast Mainline as a hard northern border to the site. The southern border of the site is the Ainsworth Estate which was built by the London County Council. Alexandra Road Estate was designed to incorporate Ainsworth Estate, forming Alexandra and Ainsworth when the Ainsworth Estate was transferred to Camden Council by the Greater London Council in 1970. The estate was also designed to include a pub, light industry, special school, play centre, youth club, community centre, and public park. The Park was designed by Janet Jack to preserve existing mature trees and borrowed its design principles from 18th C London Parks by creating a series of distinct spaces and framing them with the blocks of flats. When the Conservative Party took control of Camden Council in 1968, the second phase of the development to the east comprising shops and housing were passed to private developers and housing associations. The design comprises terraces, squares and streets which were intended to resemble John Nash’s designs for grand London streets in the 18th Century. The longest block to the north of the site was designed to act as a barrier to sound from the West Coast Mainline. Neave Brown’s Alexandra Road Estate is one of the most architecturally celebrated housing schemes built in Britain. It is often seen as the pinnacle of Sydney Cook’s work in Camden and is globally recognised for its architecture. The estate was given grade II* listing in 1993. However, the architecture is not widely adored by residents. While the estate draws many architects who want to live there, council tenants sometimes speak less highly of the estate. Alexandra Road&nbsp; todayToday Alexandra Road Estate is often used for filming and is a popular destination for tourists, artists and fans of modernist architecture. The park is well loved and there are even bees kept on the estate. The estate has grade II* listing which means it is of “more than special interest” and in the top 6% of all listed buildings in England. The estate’s listed status does however mean that there are challenges when it comes to making improvements or upgrades to the buildings as special permissions have to be granted before any changes are made. One of these challenges is the estates’ heating system where instead of radiators&nbsp; heat is piped directly into the concrete walls. Alexandra Road at a glance Year completed1979 Architect Neave Brown Commissioned by&nbsp;Camden Council Managed byCamden Council Historic landowners Eyre Estate Materials Concrete Density519 properties per hectare Alexandra Road composition at a glance*Council owned properties 520Leasehold properties 180Freehold properties 0Total 700 Alexandra Road bedrooms*Bedrooms&nbsp; &nbsp; 0&nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; &nbsp; 3&nbsp; &nbsp; 4&nbsp; &nbsp; 5&nbsp; &nbsp; TotalAlex. Rd.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;11&nbsp; &nbsp;252&nbsp; 206&nbsp; &nbsp;169&nbsp; &nbsp; 62&nbsp; &nbsp; 0&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;700 *Note that this data also includes the Ainsworth Estate. We estimate that approx. 10% of properties on Alexandra Road Estate are in private ownership (either privately rented or owner occupied). https://estateanatomies.uk/railway Wed, 19 Apr 2023 14:27:48 +0000 Estate Anatomies https://estateanatomies.uk/railway <img width="3000" height="1663" width_o="3000" height_o="1663" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1f7a72bc90cf4a2ee0f7ec0e06818dba3142ff0fe7592e0731f37dc70bd9af1c/railway-page-image_.png" data-mid="176624941" border="0" data-scale="63" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/1f7a72bc90cf4a2ee0f7ec0e06818dba3142ff0fe7592e0731f37dc70bd9af1c/railway-page-image_.png" /> Railway ︎︎︎ The whole area has a dense network of railway tracks. These include mainline railways running into the terminuses of Euston, St Pancras, and Marylebone that criss-cross, cut under, through or near Chalcots, Alexandra Road and Hilgrove Estates as well as London Underground overground, commuter and freight services. Their development tracks the movement from private to public interests and back again. Their density, rise, fall and maintenance follows the stock market bubble caused by Railway Mania in the Victorian era to nationalisation under British Rail from 1965-1997 and municipalisation under Transport for London (TfL). The density of key railway infrastructure in the area meant that it became a target for bombing during the Second World War. The lines as they operate today are listed below: TfL services London Overground: Euston to Watford Junction London Underground: Metropolitan Line (Baker Street to Chesham, Watford and Amersham), Jubilee Line (Stratford to Stanmore) Mainline Railways Midland Mainline: London St Pancras to Sheffield, East Midlands Railway West Coast Mainline: London Euston to Glasgow via Birmingham, Avanti West Coast and London Euston to Liverpool via Birmingham, London Northwestern Railway (slow line) Chiltern Mainline: London Marylebone to Birmingham Commuter services Thameslink: Brighton to St. Albans Under construction HS2: London Euston to Birmingham Nearby disused stationsPrimrose Hill Station closed in 1992. The former station building over the Regent’s Park Road footbridge which crosses the West Coast and Chiltern mainlines is now a hot yoga studio. Lord’s Station and Marlborough Road Station were both closed in 1939. They were initially intended to serve commuters into the city from St John’s Wood and were built by the Metropolitan and St John’s Wood Railway in 1868. As what became known as Metro-land expanded&nbsp; and new suburban homes were built by the Metropolitan Railway, when these stations became too congested to operate,the Metropolitan Railway opted to prioritise the highly profitable suburban areas it was building to the northwest of London. It is said that when the disused Marlborough Road station became a Chinese Restaurant, the chopsticks on the tables would rattle and move every time a train rumbled past beneath the diners. There are also disused ‘ghost’ platforms at Swiss Cottage and Finchley Road. The former were used as bomb shelters during the Second World War. TunnelsIn addition to the tube, the area has five main railway tunnels, the Primrose Hill tunnel, the Hampstead tunnel, the South Hampstead tunnel and the Belsize tunnel slightly to the north of the study area. In addition to these tunnels are the current tunnelling operations for HS2. The Primrose Hill tunnel runs very close to Chalcots and under Hilgrove. The tunnel was the first railway tunnel in London and one of the earliest built in Britain. The Primrose Hill tunnel begins at Primrose Hill Road to the east, runs under the villas developed by Eton College and emerges at the junction of Hilgrove and Alexandra Roads. The tunnel was built because Eton College demanded no loss of buildable land. The tunnel mouth also had to be built to the satisfaction of the provost and college. The consequent ornamental construction of the tunnel mouth led to it becoming a visitor attraction. Each end of the tunnel (19m on either side) was built using the ‘cut and cover’ technique which was later used on the London Underground. Cut and cover involves the excavation of shallow trenches which are then roofed over with an overhead support system. The main tunnel was excavated from four 2.4m shafts advancing no more than 2m ahead of the brickwork lining. One of the shafts is still used for ventilation and can be found in the car park of the Marriott Hotel, just west of Hawtrey Road and near the midpoint of the tunnel. As part of the development of HS2, a new tunnel is being built that will run from Euston Station to Old Oak Common Station. The tunnel will run under or near Hilgrove, Chalcots and Alexandra Road Estates as well as a number of other social housing estates in Camden. The tunnel will be bored under several other social housing estates. The tunnel will be 7.2km long and will run 50 m below ground. Work will begin in 2024. The tunnel will be bored using Twin Boring Machines which operate as a self-contained factory and will run 24/7, deep beneath the ground. HS2 will assess, monitor, and support settlement and subsidence. HS2 will work to manage disruption to local residents caused by noise, vibration, congestion on the roads, impacts on waterworks, dust and debris.&nbsp; <img width="1581" height="885" width_o="1581" height_o="885" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ba62610751957dc718649e3ec6d0654c1263f4c63a6d858f36a30897ee354a95/1-Primrose_Hill_tunnels_diagram.png" data-mid="175924254" border="0" alt="(1) Primrose Hill tunnels diagram, 2021" data-caption="(1) Primrose Hill tunnels diagram, 2021" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/ba62610751957dc718649e3ec6d0654c1263f4c63a6d858f36a30897ee354a95/1-Primrose_Hill_tunnels_diagram.png" /> <img width="4032" height="3024" width_o="4032" height_o="3024" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/154ce0401948906e708cce1c264e99d124670adac7042afa5d7cad84c6d2b030/2.jpeg" data-mid="175924255" border="0" alt="(2) Proposed railway section, 1833" data-caption="(2) Proposed railway section, 1833" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/154ce0401948906e708cce1c264e99d124670adac7042afa5d7cad84c6d2b030/2.jpeg" /> <img width="3263" height="2578" width_o="3263" height_o="2578" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/cd9a96d965821e4ca8d1c5015908b804422352b4baf362f8794c72ca7800bfe1/3-proposed_rail1865.png" data-mid="175924251" border="0" alt="(3) Plan of proposed railways, 1865" data-caption="(3) Plan of proposed railways, 1865" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/cd9a96d965821e4ca8d1c5015908b804422352b4baf362f8794c72ca7800bfe1/3-proposed_rail1865.png" /> <img width="2000" height="712" width_o="2000" height_o="712" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d378d7b8ca0461e5a33d2ffe93484d6f29c0066001c890a9d5d10097307d0dec/4-railway-pass-euston.png" data-mid="175924252" border="0" alt="(4) Railway lines and parcels map, 1833" data-caption="(4) Railway lines and parcels map, 1833" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/d378d7b8ca0461e5a33d2ffe93484d6f29c0066001c890a9d5d10097307d0dec/4-railway-pass-euston.png" /> <img width="3024" height="4032" width_o="3024" height_o="4032" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4e58ddeae603a116c062735892166c23a01e0156e73c9baaa6572027945e1241/5.jpg" data-mid="175924256" border="0" alt="(5) Cross section of Primrose Hill tunnel, 1857-77" data-caption="(5) Cross section of Primrose Hill tunnel, 1857-77" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/4e58ddeae603a116c062735892166c23a01e0156e73c9baaa6572027945e1241/5.jpg" /> <img width="2642" height="1298" width_o="2642" height_o="1298" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/3672ce6cc847104d51e13dfa5569fb787b78256af8d80e271c325f9045a9fd54/6-bomb-map-2.png" data-mid="175924257" border="0" alt=" (6) Bomb damage map, 1945" data-caption=" (6) Bomb damage map, 1945" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/3672ce6cc847104d51e13dfa5569fb787b78256af8d80e271c325f9045a9fd54/6-bomb-map-2.png" /> .gallery_image_caption { font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 250; color: rgb(183, 171, 152); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif, "Sans Serif", Icons; } https://estateanatomies.uk/Reference-Systems-1 Wed, 26 Apr 2023 09:18:39 +0000 Estate Anatomies https://estateanatomies.uk/Reference-Systems-1 <img width="1734" height="827" width_o="1734" height_o="827" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/bfd009087b247166f4193b3b0b8f529e3ddf4e396733813b98570c2c72f628f7/0-reference-syst-page-image.png" data-mid="176733658" border="0" data-scale="63" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/bfd009087b247166f4193b3b0b8f529e3ddf4e396733813b98570c2c72f628f7/0-reference-syst-page-image.png" /> Reference Systems ︎︎︎ Within the fabric of London’s urban space there are objects that link a specific location with a network of a larger scale. In the case of our area of study, these are national systems of reference for elevation, systems for telecommunications and railway networks. In the walk from Primrose Hill tunnel to Alexandra Road Estate are a number of unassuming brick buildings that are easy to overlook. On the corner of St John’s Wood Park and Adelaide Road is a vent shaft for the Jubilee Line. This round brick building allows heat from the tube to escape. In bordering Islington, a new scheme is using old tube vent shafts to provide heat to homes and schools in the borough. There are two vent shafts on the Hilgrove Estate - both are for the Chiltern Mainline which, in addition to the West Coast Mainline, links London to Birmingham. The Chiltern Mainline connects Marylebone to Birmingham via Banbury and Leamington Spa. The tunnel was originally built for the Grand Central railway in 1889. The new tunnels for HS2 will provide a third mainline to Birmingham from London and will run under or very nearly under Chalcots, Hilgrove and Alexandra Road Estates.&nbsp; A few hundred metres south along Finchley Road is the disused Marlborough Road Station which closed in 1939 to reduce congestion on the Metropolitan Railway when it expanded its capacity for suburban commuters into the city. Marlborough Road station is now a substation for the new S-Stock trains introduced in 2010 but until 2008, it was a Chinese restaurant. Walking through the streets of Swiss Cottage we can find at least one ordnance survey benchmark located on the east wall of the Jubilee Line vent shaft. Ordnance Survey Bench marks (BMs) are survey marks made by Ordnance Survey to record height above Ordnance Datum. If the exact height of one BM is known, the exact height of the next can be found by measuring the difference in heights, through a process of spirit levelling. Most commonly, the BMs are found on buildings or other semi-permanent features. Although the main network is no longer being updated, the record is still in existence and the markers will remain until they are eventually destroyed by redevelopment or erosion. Benchmarks are the visible manifestation of Ordnance Datum Newlyn (ODN), which is the national height system for mainland Great Britain and forms the reference frame for heights above mean sea level. This particular benchmark stands at 53.996m above mean sea level. Another link that we found to a larger network is a set of antennas and dish plates located in the roofs of Farjeon House and Langhorne Court on Hilgrove Estate. In July 2021, the decision to install a set of new antennae, dishes and equipment was approved by Camden on behalf of the MBNL, EE and 3 networks, to replace and install the necessary setup to be able to provide 5G connectivity in the area. Although it is not confirmed that the new equipment has been installed, the antennae in place still represent the hardware of a larger network of telecommunications active in the space. Benchmark: AIR SHAFT SE SIDE HILGROVE RD NW ANG W FACE 1976&nbsp; / 53.996m London Underground Ventshafts <img width="3024" height="4032" width_o="3024" height_o="4032" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/cf7539082de74b5084f635897380b8f16060e4cf881e9aab67c0e0a0bacbea03/12.-railway-vent-shaft.png" data-mid="176733659" border="0" alt="(12) Primrose Hill tunnel vent shaft, 1857-77" data-caption="(12) Primrose Hill tunnel vent shaft, 1857-77" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/cf7539082de74b5084f635897380b8f16060e4cf881e9aab67c0e0a0bacbea03/12.-railway-vent-shaft.png" /> <img width="4032" height="3024" width_o="4032" height_o="3024" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0185059514b7ca5ec6cf8fafa75b3263d86a6d46f4fe476b041a6636b2614ccf/13.-Jubilee-line-vent-shaft.JPG" data-mid="176733660" border="0" alt="(13) Jubilee Line vent shaft" data-caption="(13) Jubilee Line vent shaft" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/0185059514b7ca5ec6cf8fafa75b3263d86a6d46f4fe476b041a6636b2614ccf/13.-Jubilee-line-vent-shaft.JPG" /> <img width="3024" height="4032" width_o="3024" height_o="4032" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0b7579b844eb996034ed0dd0d28b10e8b7b1d3cb43469bcc3cbe93160d500ee9/14.-detail-benchmark-on-vent-shaft.JPG" data-mid="176733661" border="0" alt="(14) Benchmark" data-caption="(14) Benchmark" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/0b7579b844eb996034ed0dd0d28b10e8b7b1d3cb43469bcc3cbe93160d500ee9/14.-detail-benchmark-on-vent-shaft.JPG" /> <img width="4681" height="2778" width_o="4681" height_o="2778" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a3f651fd131b24a468bf1baad4f3801fc6c2ac885c15997cc31c6468d22f7c1e/15.-Appendix-11-77547_Photomontages-3.png" data-mid="176733662" border="0" alt="(15) Waldon Telecom photomontage" data-caption="(15) Waldon Telecom photomontage" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/a3f651fd131b24a468bf1baad4f3801fc6c2ac885c15997cc31c6468d22f7c1e/15.-Appendix-11-77547_Photomontages-3.png" /> <img width="3832" height="3258" width_o="3832" height_o="3258" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f10074167677c5657726ce6f37255ab4f9717188f7a567fa57614c49c9e459d1/16.-revised-existng-and-proposed-plans-11.png" data-mid="176733663" border="0" alt="(16) Waldon Telecom planning application" data-caption="(16) Waldon Telecom planning application" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/f10074167677c5657726ce6f37255ab4f9717188f7a567fa57614c49c9e459d1/16.-revised-existng-and-proposed-plans-11.png" /> .gallery_image_caption { font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 250; color: rgb(183, 171, 152); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif, "Sans Serif", Icons; } https://estateanatomies.uk/Underground Wed, 26 Apr 2023 09:34:35 +0000 Estate Anatomies https://estateanatomies.uk/Underground <img width="2204" height="2047" width_o="2204" height_o="2047" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0755309a74871a35c1acaf4f6a3746cb3ec42166cb940fb408b9495ee0c6c31d/0-underground-page-image.png" data-mid="176734976" border="0" data-scale="41" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/0755309a74871a35c1acaf4f6a3746cb3ec42166cb940fb408b9495ee0c6c31d/0-underground-page-image.png" /> Underground ︎︎︎ As city dwellers, we tend to overlook the fact that the urban landscape is composed of more than the material architecture in our lines of vision. Not only have natural topography and elements shaped the design of private and public spaces, but the underground landscapes of our cities have a crucial relationship and a constant dialogue with the structures we are able to see at plain sight. London as a city sits on a basin of very particular geological characteristics. Different to many other parts of England, the soil composition of London consists of a very thick layer of what is called London Clay. London Clay is a stiff, bluish clay that becomes brown when weathered and oxidized. It is a marine geological formation well known for its fossil content, which is indicative of warm, probably tropical climatic conditions that prevailed in western Europe during the Eocene. Its characteristics create a soft yet stable environment ideal for tunnelling, which facilitated the early development of the London Underground. But this is also the reason why London didn’t have many skyscraper buildings until more recently. The London Clay means that foundation piles needed to be very deep for tall buildings which was often too costly for developers. It wasn’t until the development of plunge piles, which function as rafts embedded in the clay, that taller buildings began to be built in London. London Clay is highly susceptible to volumetric changes due to its moisture content. Although impermeable, it can be hugely affected by long periods of extreme weather conditions. Another aspect of the London underground landscape is its hidden hydrology. In its early life, the Thames was fed by multiple tributaries that ran through the city. Over time these rivers have been tubed and eventually most became part of London’s sewage system. In our area of study, especially because of its vicinity to Hampstead Heath, a few of the main tributaries were born and ran through the land that is now occupied by some of the Estates in question. The river Tyburn sprang south of Hampstead Heath and ran through the Chalcots Estate and Regents Park south towards the Thames. A couple of the many branches that sprang to feed into the river Westbourne seem to have run through what is now the Alexandra and Ainsworth Estate. Once clear and sparkling, the Tyburn ran along what is now Marylebone Road northwards. After being used to form the pond in Regent’s Park, it was progressively covered over. As developers such as the Chalcots and Eyre Estates built houses in the area, the Tyburn began to disappear from view completely. By the 1830s new housing between Swiss Cottage and Hampstead saw the river covered and forced underground. . In its underground form, the Tyburn was incorporated into the surface water drainage network, but by the 1860s it had become a sewer. To access the layers of the underground landscape, architects and engineers use boreholes and wells. The British Geological Survey (BGS) serves as a reference to specialists in the initial steps of the soil studies needed for building. Using the BGS, we have found several sources of data in our area of study. A borehole from 1978 on Dobson Close on Hilgrove EstateA series of boreholes from 1962 at the east end of Chalcots EstateA water well borehole from 2004 at the Swiss Cottage open space near the Leisure Center This last water well, according to a garden caretaker in the location, used to feed the water for the large rectangular fountain in Swiss Cottage Open Space. This fountain, together with the green areas around it was identified as one of the most loved spaces in the neighbourhood by residents of Hilgrove and Chalcots estate during a workshop conducted by the Open City team. BGS Borehole Records <img width="1175" height="1579" width_o="1175" height_o="1579" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/83c9a4457408f6ed4376ed7eeffb3bbc37d6ab27f8b278c5c6d5a08e938dfa7f/7-hidden-hydrology.png" data-mid="176734977" border="0" alt="(7) Lost rivers of London " data-caption="(7) Lost rivers of London " src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/83c9a4457408f6ed4376ed7eeffb3bbc37d6ab27f8b278c5c6d5a08e938dfa7f/7-hidden-hydrology.png" /> <img width="1200" height="880" width_o="1200" height_o="880" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d42e73439f25f35782099e92735a28cc40c060f9f8556b15093370473c20f5f0/8-dobson-close-borehole-1978.png" data-mid="176734978" border="0" alt="(8)Borehole, Dobson Close, 1978" data-caption="(8)Borehole, Dobson Close, 1978" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/d42e73439f25f35782099e92735a28cc40c060f9f8556b15093370473c20f5f0/8-dobson-close-borehole-1978.png" /> <img width="865" height="1316" width_o="865" height_o="1316" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b72eb7ad941553e1b160e21821fdb5e21741d91a341c7f3df30a1fc00f4b9fb9/9-chalcots-borehole-1962_.png" data-mid="176734979" border="0" alt="(9) Borehole, Chalcots, 1962" data-caption="(9) Borehole, Chalcots, 1962" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/865/i/b72eb7ad941553e1b160e21821fdb5e21741d91a341c7f3df30a1fc00f4b9fb9/9-chalcots-borehole-1962_.png" /> <img width="3000" height="3500" width_o="3000" height_o="3500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5c0f2b4de85054fb20739ef3e0ac1a11c8c761de5659178e85e2a0655d9e1a88/10.-water-well-2004-2.png" data-mid="176775775" border="0" alt="(10) Water well, Swiss Cottage Open Space" data-caption="(10) Water well, Swiss Cottage Open Space" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/5c0f2b4de85054fb20739ef3e0ac1a11c8c761de5659178e85e2a0655d9e1a88/10.-water-well-2004-2.png" /> <img width="2480" height="3508" width_o="2480" height_o="3508" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d1454ea809ee67e7bb5cf62576d1bb8961e194ad16030c6654d0e229af595bc7/11.-Mapping_workshop_maps.jpg" data-mid="176890960" border="0" alt="(11) Open City mapping workshops" data-caption="(11) Open City mapping workshops" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/d1454ea809ee67e7bb5cf62576d1bb8961e194ad16030c6654d0e229af595bc7/11.-Mapping_workshop_maps.jpg" /> .gallery_image_caption { font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 250; color: rgb(183, 171, 152); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif, "Sans Serif", Icons; }